Tag: Mikrowellenchemie
Peptid-Synthese im Liberty Blue
The insulin-like peptide human relaxin-2 was identified as a hormone that, among other biological functions, mediates the hemodynamic changes occurring during pregnancy. Recombinant relaxin-2 (serelaxin) has shown beneficial effects in acute heart failure, but its full therapeutic potential has been hampered by its short half-life and the need for intravenous administration limiting its use to intensive care units. In this study, we report the development of long-acting potent single-chain relaxin peptide mimetics. Modifications in the B-chain of relaxin, such as the introduction of specific mutations and the trimming of the sequence to an optimal size, resulted in potent, structurally simplified peptide agonists of the relaxin receptor Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor 1 (RXFP1) (e.g., 54). Introduction of suitable spacers and fatty acids led to the identification of single-chain lipidated peptide agonists of RXFP1, with sub-nanomolar activity, high subcutaneous bioavailability, extended half-lives, and in vivo efficacy (e.g., 64).
A highly improved and green methodology for the direct amidation of carboxylic acids with amines using silica gel as a solid support and catalyst is described. The scope of this method is exemplified by the use of several aliphatic, aromatic, unsaturated and fatty acids. The reaction is also applied to different primary and secondary amines. Typically, the amines should be aliphatic, but aromatic amines can be used as well, though with lower yields. Several experiments to illustrate the selectivity of this methodology were also carried out with several more functionalized acids and amines. This approach is a substantial improvement over other previously described methods in amide synthesis.
Amine (1.5 mmol) and carboxylic acid (1.5 mmol) were dissolved in ethyl acetate (15 mL), then silica gel 60 230-400 mesh (1.0 g) was added. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the reactant mixture was transferred to a microwaves tube, and it was set to react in a CEM microwave reactor in cycles of 20 minutes at a power of 200 W maintaining constant temperature at 130 °C, and a hold time of 2 minutes. The reactant mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, sonicated for 20 minutes with 30 mL of ethyl acetate, filtered, and the silica was washed with another 30 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with a saturated solution of NaHCO3 and HCl (10%), dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent was withdrawn under reduced pressure to obtain the pure product. In some cases flash chromatography was and it is indicated in the characterization data.
Warum eigentlich Mikrowellen-Synthese?
Mikrowellenunterstützte Synthesen ermöglichen den Synthese-Chemikern ganz neue Wege zum gewünschten Produkt (Wirkstoff). Mit einem Höchstmaß an Flexibilität und bisher nicht vorhandenen Kontrollmöglichkeiten der Reaktionsparameter ermöglicht die Mikrowellen-Chemie ein direktes Einkoppeln der Energie in die gewünschten Reaktionen. In kürzester Zeit wird die notwendige Aktivierungsenergie der Reaktion zugeführt, was sich in der Beschleunigung gegenüber traditionellen Reaktionsbedingungen niederschlägt. So sind Zeitverkürzungen um den Faktor 100 bis 1000 keine Seltenheit. Die mikrowellenunterstützte Synthese ist zweifelsfrei der schnellste und der produktivste Weg zum gewünschten Wirkstoff. Über 5000 Literaturstellen mit stark zunehmender Tendenz berichten von den Möglichkeiten dieser Technologie
Lesen Sie hier die Fragen und Antworten
Mikrowellensynthese im MARS:
Rapid, microwave-assisted synthesis of Gd2O3 and Eu:Gd2O3 nanocrystals: characterization, magnetic, optical and biological studies
This Feature Article gives an overview of microwave-assisted liquid phase routes to inorganic nanomaterials. Whereas microwave chemistry is a well-established technique in organic synthesis, its use in inorganic nanomaterials‘ synthesis is still at the beginning and far away from having reached its full potential. However, the rapidly growing number of publications in this field suggests that microwave chemistry will play an outstanding role in the broad field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. This article is not meant to give an exhaustive overview of all nanomaterials synthesized by the microwave technique, but to discuss the new opportunities that arise as a result of the unique features of microwave chemistry. Principles, advantages and limitations of microwave chemistry are introduced, its application in the synthesis of different classes of functional nanomaterials is discussed, and finally expected benefits for nanomaterials‘ synthesis are elaborated.
Synthetisieren Sie schnell und sicher neue Moleküle und Verbindungen mit extrem schneller Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und Flexibilität durch die mikrowellenunterstützte organische Synthese. Laden Sie unser neues Whitepaper herunter, um mehr zu erfahren:
#MicrowaveSynthesis #DrugDiscovery
Vergleich der Mikrowellenaufschlüsse im Mars 6 mit HF, ohne HF und mit HBF4
Bessere Auflösung: Poster_Multiple_Digestions_are_Sometimes_Necessary_WinterConference2020
Biochemie in der Mikrowelle – Einsatz der Mikrowelle zur Synthese und Analytik von Peptden und Proteinen, A. Rybka und U. Sengutta, GIT 9, 572-575 (2009)
Biochemie_GIT
Biochemie in der Mikrowelle. Synthestrategien von Peptoiden, S. Vollrath und S. Bräse, Labor & More, 2-6, September 2013
Braese
Analyse von Aminosäuren, Proteinen und Nitroderivaten in atmosphärischen Aerosolen und Straßenstaub“, Promotion Tobias Fehrenbach, TU München 2006
Proteinhydrolyse
Mikrowellentechnik beschleunigt die Protein Hydrolyse
Die Protein Hydrolyse ist eine altbewährte Aufschlussprozedur aus den Fünfziger Jahren (Stein und Moore) von Proteinen und Peptiden zur Analyse der Aminosäuren. Mit der Aminosäure Analyse (AAA) erfolgt die Quantifizierung der einzelnen Aminosäuren der jeweiligen Probe und stellt eine Voraussetzung zur Identifikation der Aminosäuresequenz des Proteins/Peptids dar.
Lesen in dem Artikel „Operation of the CEM Discover SP Microwave Reaction System for Amino Acid Hydrolysis“ über den vorteilhaften Einsatz der Discover Mikrowelle zur Proteinhydrolyse
The technique of microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis was applied to wholegrain wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Balcali 2000) flour in order to speed the preparation of samples for analysis. The resultant hydrolysates were chromatographed and quantified in an automated amino acid analyzer. The effect of different hydrolysis temperatures, times and sample weights was examined using flour dispersed in 6 N HCl. Within the range of values tested, the highest amino acid recoveries were generally obtained by setting the hydrolysis parameters to 150 °C, 3 h and 200 mg sample weight. These conditions struck an optimal balance between liberating amino acid residues from the wheat matrix and limiting their subsequent degradation or transformation. Compared to the traditional 24 h reflux method, the hydrolysates were prepared in dramatically less time, yet afforded comparable ninhydrin color yields. Under optimal hydrolysis conditions, the total amino acid recovery corresponded to at least 85.1% of the total protein content, indicating the efficient extraction of amino acids from the flour matrix. The findings suggest that this microwave-assisted method can be used to rapidly profile the amino acids of numerous wheat grain samples, and can be extended to the grain analysis of other cereal crops.
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